scientific evidence regarding the effects of moonlight on plants

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The dose of isoflavones ranged from 30 to 200 mg/day. Micek A., Godos J., Brzostek T., Gniadek A., Favari C., Mena P., Libra M., Del Rio D., Galvano F., Grosso G. Dietary phytoestrogens and biomarkers of their intake in relation to cancer survival and recurrence: A comprehensive systematic review with meta-analysis. Kim Y., Je Y. Flavonoid intake and mortality from cardiovascular disease and all causes: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. This study was supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERobn) under Grant CB12/03/30007, Basque Government under Grant PA20/04 and the University of the Basque Country under Grant GIU18-173. Atkinson C., Frankenfeld C.L., Lampe J.W. Indeed, the dose levels of dietary isoflavones require a better definition, and the measurements of isoflavone consumption should be provided in quantifiable terms. Possible mechanism of action of isoflavones for cancer prevention. and A.F.-Q. Karr S.C., Lampe J.W., Hutchins A.M., Slavin J.L. Isoflavone Supplements for Menopausal Women: A Systematic Review. Acid rain leaches aluminum from the soil. Science is Knowledge Space & Physics The Effects of Moonlight May 22, 1858 Professor Piazza Smyth, the Astronomer Royal for Scotland, in his interesting account of a recent scientific. Two of the studies also revealed that women who were able to produce equol or who had received equol supplementation could have had a greater benefit from isoflavones [53]. Modified from Mace et al. The Sun ruled our heart, blood circulation and spine, while the Moon had influence on growth, fertility, breasts, stomach, uterus and menstrual flow. Perna et al. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the By Marie If you're a gardener, you know that the moon cycles affect plant growth. Soy products (0.05130 g/day) and total isoflavones (0.28 to 63 mg/day). For the development of this section, the meta-analyses and systematic reviews published between 2015 and 2020 were taken into account. Collison M.W. Importantly, the soy variety, environmental conditions of the culture and the processing of soybeans notably influence their isoflavone content [18]. (2018) showed no effect of soy isoflavones on plasma concentrations of lipoprotein a (Lpa), a low-density lipoprotein associated with increased cardiovascular risk due to its pro-thrombotic and atherogenic properties [63]. However, the magnitude of risk reduction in Asian women was slightly larger than in non-Asian women (22% vs. 18%). These positive effects were associated with 54 mg/day of genistein and 600 mg/day of synthetic isoflavone ipriflavone. Cheynier V., Sarni-Manchado P., Quideau S., editors. The most significant food source of isoflavones in humans is soy-derived products, soybeans, soy flour, soy flakes, soy beverages and fermented soy products such as miso and tempeh, among others [9]. Their meta-analysis included five studies with a total of 728 menopausal women between 50.5 and 58.5 years old and concluded that women who are not able to produce equol could benefit from equol supplementation. Among these, vasomotor symptoms comprising hot flushes and night sweats are the most common and bothersome, which, in turn, have a negative impact on womens quality of life. Messina M.J. Legumes and soybeans: Overview of their nutritional profiles and health effects. (2019), included 16 prospective cohort studies involving 11,169 breast cancer cases and 648,913 participants [70]. This is mainly due to their potential adverse effects, which range from increased coronary heart disease to stroke and cancer [53,85]. Yan Z., Zhang X., Li C., Jiao S., Dong W. Association between consumption of soy and risk of cardiovascular disease: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Circulating isoflavone and lignan concentrations and prostate cancer risk: A meta-analysis of individual participant data from seven prospective studies including 2,828 cases and 5,593 controls. Moreover, this association was more prominent among postmenopausal women than premenopausal women. . Daidzein is first converted into dihydrodaidzein, which is the precursor of both equol and O-demethylangolensin (O-DMA) [37]. Non-pharmacological treatments included isoflavones, which appeared to be better than placebo in the relief of vasomotor symptoms, although not significantly better than the treatment with estradiol and progesterone. Thanks for reading Scientific American. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Rienks et al. Kurzer M.S., Xu X. Dietary phytoestrogens. Rossi M., Amaretti A., Roncaglia R., Leonardi A., Raimondi S. Dietary isoflavones and dietary microbiota: Metabolism and transformation into bioactive compounds. Indeed, they reported that an increase of 10 mg/day of soy isoflavones consumption was associated with a 7% lower risk of cancer mortality [62]. May affect males and females differently A 2015 study of 205 people found that the full moon may affect sleep differently in males and females. Furthermore, among the four studies of breast cancer recurrence, three studies found that isoflavone intake decreased the risk of breast cancer recurrence, although further studies are required to confirm this finding [82]. Most would agree that the daily rising and falling of the moon, along with the monthly waxing and waning cycles, have effects on our oceans and seas. Four meta-analyses have been reported to address this issue. ); sue.uhe@zelaznog.enatiam (M.G.-A. Thanks for reading Scientific American. Thus, soybean can be considered as the best food source. Association between Dietary Isoflavones in Soy and Legumes and Endometrial Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. . Soy isoflavones consumption and risk of breast cancer incidence or recurrence: A meta-analysis of prospective studies. and J.T. Produced metabolites appear in plasma at variable concentrations and can enter enterohepatic circulation [28]. Mace T.A., Ware M.B., King S.A., Loftus S., Farren M.R., McMichael E., Scoville S., Geraghty C., Young G., Carson W.E., et al. (2017) conducted a meta-analysis with ten observational studies to assess the association between the isoflavone compounds daidzein, genistein and equol, and breast cancer [61]. In some cases the purported effect may depend on external cues, such as the amount of moonlight. Zhong et al. Analysis of isoflavones in Foods. In this meta-analysis, 32 randomized controlled trials were analyzed with a sample size of 4165 women over 45 years, with a diagnosis of natural menopause. In this systematic review, 123 studies were included, with a total number of 516,330 participants. (2018) performed a meta-analysis of 12 studies, where six were cohort studies, and six case-control studies, with a total of 596,553 participants [81]. However, the authors stated that they could not reach definitive conclusions due to, among other reasons, the lack of inclusion in the review of randomized controlled clinical trials focused on the treatment of osteoporosis in early menopause. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. The four chemical forms of the three most abundant isoflavones. Although smaller in quantity, isoflavones are also present in chickpeas, nuts, fruits and vegetables [11]. A significant 19% reduction of the risk was found at high concentrations of daidzein, but not at genistein or equol concentrations. As in the previous study, the onset of soy isoflavones was very slow in comparison with other non-hormonal treatments. Moreover, a higher intake of soy isoflavones was associated with a lower risk of mortality from gastric, colorectal, and lung cancers. The tides are crucial to life: tidal pools, sheltered and renewed in rhythm with these cycles, catalyzed some of the first stable ecologies and still represent unique niches. Metabolism of intraruminally administered [4-. Daily J.W., Ko B.S., Ryuk J., Liu M., Zhang W., Park S. Equol Decreases Hot Flashes in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. The lunar effect is a purported unproven correlation between specific stages of the roughly 29.5-day lunar cycle and behavior and physiological changes in living beings on Earth, including humans. Sotoca A.M., van den Berg H., Vervoort J., van der Saag P., Strm A., Gustafsson J.A., Rietjens I., Murk A.J. Although the mechanisms of action of isoflavones are not completely understood, it seems that isoflavones not only reduce the rate of bone resorption but also increase the rate of bone formation. Schmidt M., Arjomand-Wlkart K., Birkhuser M.H., Genazzani A.R., Gruber D.M., Huber J., Klbl H., Kreft S., Leodolter S., Linsberger D., et al. Presence of four chemical forms of the three isoflavones found in soybeans. Indeed, some authors speculate that hepatic and lipoprotein lipase activity may have been altered after variable isoflavone intake from soybean, although no experimental data were provided [67]. In like manner, a meta-analysis by Simental-Menda et al. Menopause is characterized by a decrease in estrogen levels and is often accompanied by a range of symptoms. Isoflavones are found in several vegetables, mainly in legumes (Fabaceae family) such as soy, white and red clover, alfalfa and beans [9,10]. In addition, Qiu et al. ), 2CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 01006 Vitoria, Spain, 3Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01002 Vitoria, Spain. Estimated Asian adult soy protein and isoflavone intakes. Additionally, Yan and co-workers, in their meta-analysis with a total of ten prospective cohorts and seven case-control studies (including 508,841 participants and 17,269 cardiovascular disease events), observed that the consumption of soy foods, but not that of isoflavones, was associated with a lower risk of total cardiovascular disease (including coronary heart disease and stroke) [57]. Matulka R.A., Matsuura I., Uesugi T., Ueno T., Burdock G. Developmental and Reproductive Effects of SE5-OH: An Equol-Rich Soy-Based Ingredient. Opposite effect in Asian women, Prospective studies (3) Case-control studies (5), Isoflavone consumption (>45 mg/day among the Asian population, and >1 mg/day among the non-Asian population), Potential reduction risk associated with isoflavone consumption, Prospective cohort study (5) Case-control study (7), Cohort prospective study (2 studies from Japan and 5 studies from Europe), 241 cases and 503 controls (from Japanese studies), and 2828 cases and 5593 controls (from European studies), Circulating isoflavone concentrations (nmol/L): Daidzein (Japanese: 115166; European: 2.843.96), Genistein, daidzein and equol did not affect prostate cancer risk in both Japanese and European men, Case-control study (15) Cohort study (8) Nested case-control study (7), 266,699 (21,612 patients with prostate cancer), Isoflavones were not associated with a reduction of prostate cancer risk, Daidzein, genistein, and equol (dose not defined), 19% reduction in prostate cancer risk was found at high concentrations of daidzein, but not with genistein or equol, Participants: 11,346 cases and 140,177 controls, Daidzein and genistein intakes were associated with a reduction of prostate cancer risk (no effect with equol), 559,486 (among them 16,917 colorectal cancer cases), Foods rich in isoflavones (dose not defined), Soy foods (30 mg/day170 g/day) and isoflavones (0.01460 mg/day). Treutter D. Significance of flavonoids in plant resistance and enhancement of their biosynthesis. In a study conducted by Karr et al., the authors analyzed the urinary excretion of genistein, daidzein, equol and O-DMA in fourteen young men and women [47]. However, the authors pointed out several limitations of this study, such as the important source of heterogeneity in their study. Endometrial cancer (Table 4), as well as breast cancer, is an estrogen-dependent cancer type related to high circulating estradiol concentrations. In fact, all the body fluids, as the tides, were controlled by the lunar phases. Regarding cancer, scientific evidence suggests that isoflavones could be useful in reducing the risk of suffering some types of cancer, such as breast and endometrial cancer, but further studies are needed to confirm these results. Regarding blood pressure, inconsistent results were reported in three further interventional studies (n = 406 healthy, postmenopausal or obese participants aged 5079 years) either in diastolic or systolic blood pressure, after a supplementation with soy-protein. The moon's gravitational pull affects the water in the soil, which in turn affects the growth of plants. Accessibility To address the link between lunar phases and agriculture from a scientic perspective, we conducted a review of textbooks and monographs used to teach agronomy, botany, horticulture and plant physiology; we also consider the physics that address the e ects of the Moon on our planet. Consensus: Soy isoflavones as a first-line approach to the treatment of menopausal vasomotor complaints. Kov L., Dadkov K., Kaparovsk J., Kaparovsk T. Isoflavones. aimed to compare the effects of animal and plant-sourced proteins on lipemia . Effects of Acid Rain on Plants and Trees. This chemical feature confers estrogenic or antiestrogenic effects to isoflavones, depending on the cell type and the binding to - or -estrogen receptors. (At least not real scientists.) Although results vary greatly, most of these applications are supported by at least a few clinical studies. (2016) analyzed the effect of oral isoflavone supplementation on endometrial thickness in pre- and post-menopausal women, which is a biomarker for the proliferative effects of estrogens associated with an increased endometrial risk [72]. With regard to the geographical area, the authors suggested a significant protective effect of isoflavone intake in Asian populations, which have a higher consumption of isoflavones than Western populations. Despite the positive effect of isoflavones, the authors emphasized that the effects took a long time to appear. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. The enzyme lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) deglycosylases phenolic compounds in the intestinal lumen, and after that, the aglycone form enters the epithelial cells by passive diffusion. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Sex and long-term soy diets affect the metabolism and excretion of soy isoflavones in humans. Some gardening folklore suggests that planting crops according to the phases of the moon will give you a better harvest, but there is little scientific evidence to back this up. It supports the evidence that isoflavones can moderately attenuate bone resorption in women with low estrogen levels, primarily at the level of the lumbar spine and the femoral neck. They also note that the effects of isoflavones are greater when administered as aglycones. Daily et al. Isoflavone intake in four different European countries: The VENUS approach. Effects of isoflavones in different cancer types. Vlachopoulos C., Aznaouridis K., Stefanadis C. Prediction of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality with arterial stiffness: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Lastly, the association between dietary isoflavone intake and the risk of developing gastric cancer has also been analyzed. Many females sleep less and have less REM sleep. Li L., Lv Y., Xu L., Zheng Q. Quantitative efficacy of soy isoflavones on menopausal hot flashes. Isoflavones (high dose: 0.675.5 mg/day; and low dose: 0.0120.1 mg/day). Scientists often disagree about certain things. In their systematic revision, which included 1307 menopausal (n = 139) and post-menopausal (n = 1268) women, Perna et al. Therefore, it is necessary to support these results with additional studies. For this reason, the results should be interpreted with caution, and more randomized clinical trials are required. Heinonen S., Whl K., Adlercreutz H. Identification of isoflavone metabolites dihydrodaidzein, dihydrogenistein, 6-OH-O-dma, and cis-4-OH-equol in human urine by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy using authentic reference compounds. Effects of isoflavones in menopausal symptoms. Overall, evidence regarding the use of isoflavones in cancer prevention suggests that they may be useful in reducing the risk of suffering from some types of cancer, such as breast and endometrial cancer, two of the types for which the association between isoflavone intake and cancer risk has been studied more in-depth. Chen M.N., Lin C.C., Liu C.F. Potential mechanism of action of isoflavones on bone metabolism. They found that the use of dietary isoflavones or supplements and extracts was associated with an improvement in hot flushes, but not with a reduction in the frequency of night sweats. It is well-known that some of the most accurate BP readings occur right as someone wakes up and at that event, the BP will be shown for the most part to stay lower than that of a daily average. In miso and tempeh, the aglycone form is the most abundant one [9]. After the consumption of around 17 mg of isoflavones per day, the median plasma concentrations of genistein, glycitein, daidzein and equol were 245.3 ng/mL, 9.8 ng/mL, 86.8 ng/mL and 12.7 ng/mL, respectively. The authors observed that soy isoflavone consumption was inversely associated with cancer deaths. In contrast, it seems that isoflavones do not act on central neurotransmitters directly. Furthermore, isoflavones are associated with proteins; thus, alcohol extraction and processing diminish isoflavone content in foodstuffs such as fermented soybean, tofu or soy beverages. Thus, whereas Asian populations have an average isoflavone consumption of >30 mg/day, Western populations consume <1 mg/day [83]. ; Project Administration, M.P.P. With regard to the mechanisms by which isoflavones act to reduce cancer risk, it has been suggested that the effects are due to the similarity of the isoflavone molecule to estradiol. He Bays that his thermometrical instruments were sensibly affected by the moon's rays, even at the lowest of two stations occupied by him at different elevations. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, https://data.nal.usda.gov/dataset/usda-database-isoflavone-content-selected-foods-release-20, Acetyldaidzin, acetylgenistin, acetylglycitin, Malonyldaidzin, malonylgenistin, malonylglycitin, Moderate attenuation of bone loss, primarily at the level of the lumbar spine and the femoral neck, Prevention of osteoporosis-related bone loss in any weight status or treatment duration, Isoflavone interventions, genistein (54 mg/day) and ipriflavone (600 mg/day) in particular hold great promise in the prevention and treatment of bone mineral density, Probably they have beneficial effects on bone health in menopausal women but there are controversial reports about changes in bone mineral density, Soy isoflavones (2080 mg) and equol (10 mg), 1Meta-analysis 1Systematic review and 1clinical trial, Attenuation of lumbar spine bone mineral density, Prospective cohort and case-control studies, 508,841 participants, 17,269 with CVD events (stroke, coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke), No associations between soy isoflavones consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and coronary heart disease, 548 participants (272 case and 276 controls), Non-significant change in flow-mediated dilation (parameter of endothelial function), Various designs (double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel design, crossover design), Isoflavones 80118 mg/day and 10 mg/day of S-equol, Positive effect of soy isoflavones on arterial stiffness, 1391268 menopausal and postmenopausal women, Reduction in total cholesterol and triglyceride plasma concentrations, 337 healthy, diabetic or hypercholesterolemic individuals, Reduction in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, Decreased risk of acute coronary syndrome or coronary heart disease, 9% lower risk of estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer mortality, Inverse association between isoflavone intake and both overall mortality and breast cancer recurrence, Isoflavones (the amount varies greatly among different soy foods), Pre-diagnosis, soy isoflavone consumption has a poor effect on survival of postmenopausal women, High dietary intake of soy foods (dose non-defined), Significant reduction of breast cancer risk, Sample sizes (from 100 to 15,688 participants), Daidzein, genistein, and equol (dose non-defined), Daidzein (34%) and genistein (28%) were associated with a lower risk of breast cancer, Prospective cohort study (3) Case-control study (10), 178,947 (7067 cases and 171,880 controls). Further, Chalvon-Demersay et al. (2020) revised the literature to find randomized controlled trials that evaluated the impact of soy protein supplementation (isoflavone intake ranging from 49.3 to 118 mg/day) on endothelial function parameters in postmenopausal women (n = 802) [58]. Bardin A., Boulle N., Lazennec G., Vignon F., Pujol P. Loss of ERbeta expression as a common step in estrogen-dependent tumor progression. The authors suggested that this difference could be due to different genetic backgrounds and dietary patterns among Asian and Western populations. However, the authors suggested that more prospective cohort studies are needed to further investigate this association and that the quantity of isoflavone intake should be accurately measured because flavonoid contents in food can vary significantly. The water in the ocean on the side of the Earth closest to the moon experiences a larger gravitational attraction than the water on the opposite side. From laboratory experiments, it's known that light intensities as low as 0.1 lux (approximately 0.01 foot-candle) during the night can influence photoperiodic time measurement in some plants and animals. These two associations were significant for postmenopausal participants. Lastly, with regard to isoflavone consumption safety, it seems that they are safe and that the most common adverse effect is mild and occurs at the gastrointestinal level. Contraction stimulates translocation of glucose transporter GLUT4 in skeletal muscle through a mechanism distinct from that of insulin. In another systematic review of three observational studies (including 68,748 participants), low evidence of isoflavones was shown in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases [61]. Valsta L.M., Kilkkinen A., Mazur W., Nurmi T., Lampi A.M., Ovaskainen M.L., Korhonen T., Adlercreutz H., Pietinen P. Phyto-oestrogen database of foods and average intake in Finland. (2018) revised 13 epidemiologic studies involving 178,947 participants: 7067 cases and 171,880 controls; among them, three were prospective cohort studies, and ten were population-based case-control studies [71]. In the same line, in European men, isoflavone concentrations did not affect the risk of developing prostate cancer. Influence of cellular ERalpha/ERbeta ratio on the ERalpha-agonist induced proliferation of human T47D breast cancer cells. 19% reduction in endometrial cancer risk. Effects of isoflavones in bone health maintenance. Hormone replacement therapy has been proven to be effective in reducing vasomotor symptoms, although isoflavones have gained popularity as an alternative treatment to hormone replacement therapy to relieve menopausal symptoms. They are present in several vegetables, mainly in legumes such as soy, white and red clover, alfalfa and beans. The .gov means its official. Isoflavone content in soy-derived products is usually lower than in soybeans [17]. Ingram D., Sanders K., Kolybaba M., Lopez D. Case-control study of phyto-oestrogens and breast cancer. In soybeans, the three most abundant isoflavones are present in four chemical forms: aglycone, glycoside, acetylglycoside and malonylglucoside (Table 1 and Figure 2). Reproductive and developmental toxicity studies have stated that 1 g and 2 g of equol per day is safe [96], although further studies are required [92]. Sirotkin A.V., Harrath A.H. Phytoestrogens and their effects. DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDJOURNALS.AOB.A087491 Corpus ID: 89019113; Effects of Moonlight on Flower Induction in Pharbitis nil, Using a Single Dark Period @article{KadmanZahavi1987EffectsOM, title={Effects of Moonlight on Flower Induction in Pharbitis nil, Using a Single Dark Period}, author={Avishag Kadman-Zahavi and Dovrat Peiper}, journal={Annals of Botany}, year={1987}, volume={60}, pages={621-623} } Two meta-analyses, which covered prospective cohort studies, showed that soy isoflavone consumption was not associated significantly with mortality linked to cardiovascular events [56,62]. The site is secure. Regarding breast cancer (Table 4), the same increase in soy isoflavone intake (10 mg/day) was related to a 9% lower risk of breast cancer mortality. Efficacy of phytoestrogens for menopausal symptoms: A meta-analysis and systematic review. However, in the meta-analysis, a minor enhancement in flow-mediated dilation after soy protein supplementation was found. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help In fact, the number of isoflavones present was very variable among the different soy food types. and J.T. The Effects and Action Mechanisms of Phytoestrogens on Vasomotor Symptoms During Menopausal Transition: Thermoregulatory Mechanism. Winkel-Shirley B. Biosynthesis of flavonoids and effects of stress. Oral isoflavone supplementation on endometrial thickness: A meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. They also indicated that the discrepancies among studies could be due to the duration of the treatment, the type of isoflavone, its dose and the diet. In the meta-analysis reported by Chen et al. In this line, three meta-analyses were conducted to study isoflavone consumption and endometrial cancer risk. Sfakianos J., Coward L., Kirk M., Barnes S. Intestinal uptake and biliary excretion of the isoflavone genistein in rats. Among the wide variety of flavonoids, isoflavones are one of the most renowned. In this section, 16 meta-analyses have been revised: Nachvack et al. After this, each metabolite undergoes its own metabolic pathway [40]. Possible mechanism of action of isoflavones for menopausal symptoms. Modified from Wang et al., 2006 [4]. Sarri G., Pedder H., Dias S., Guo Y., Lumsden M.A. Plants grow best when the moon is in the waxing phase, when its gravitational pull is strongest. van Erp-Baart M.A., Brants H.A., Kiely M., Mulligan A., Turrini A., Sermoneta C., Kilkkinen A., Valsta L.M. They performed a separated meta-analysis for each of the interventions, including dietary soy isoflavones (including four studies), supplements and extracts of soy isoflavones (including six studies) and red clover isoflavones (including seven studies). Zamora-Ros R., Knaze V., Rothwell J.A., Hmon B., Moskal A., Overvad K., Tjnneland A., Kyr C., Fagherazzi G., Boutron-Ruault M.C., et al. (2020) revealed that supplementation of soy isoflavones had a positive effect in reducing arterial stiffness, also known as the loss of arterial elasticity [59]. Create your free account or Sign in to continue. By contrast, it seems that soy isoflavones do not lead to a meaningful protective effect on cardiovascular risk. Dietary polyphenol intake in Europe: The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Yu Y., Jing X., Li H., Zhao X., Wang D. Soy isoflavone consumption and colorectal cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytoestrogen Metabolism by Adult Human Gut Microbiota. Lambert M.N.T., Hu L.M., Jeppesen P.B. For their meta-analysis, Jiang et al. Isoflavones could be used as an alternative therapy for pathologies dependent on hormonal disorders such as breast and prostate cancer, cardiovascular diseases, as well as to minimize menopausal symptoms. EFSA Pannel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources Added to Food (ANS) Risk assessment for peri- and post-menopausal women taking food su pplements containing isola ted isoflavones. Similarly, Li et al. Thus, the EFSA scientific committees opinion agreed that isoflavone intake was safe, at least in the doses that the analyzed studies have used. Hairi H.A., Shuid A.N., Ibrahim N., Jamal J.A., Mohamed N., Mohamed I.N. Moreover, the number of publications grouping women according to pre- or post-diagnosis intake criteria is small. Furthermore, isoflavones are able to inhibit aromatase activity, the enzyme that converts androgen to estrogen. Man B., Cui C., Zhang X., Sugiyama D., Barinas-Mitchell E., Sekikawa A. The same results were reported in another meta-analysis published by the same authors a year later (Li et al., 2016), when they compared the efficacy of several non-hormonal drugs on hot flushes, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotoninnorepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), gabapentin, clonidine and soy isoflavones [88]. Zaheer K., Humayoun Akhtar M. An updated review of dietary isoflavones: Nutrition, processing, bioavailability and impacts on human health. FOIA (2017) included 26 trials with 2652 participants [48]. Interestingly, in a study conducted by Tamura et al., the authors observed that in individuals without the LPH enzyme, the concentration of isoflavones and derived metabolites was similar to that found in individuals without an enzyme deficiency. Isoflavone ipriflavone, Brants H.A., Shuid A.N., Ibrahim N., Jamal J.A., I.N! That this difference could be due to different genetic backgrounds and dietary patterns among and... [ 40 ] Akhtar M. an updated review of dietary isoflavones in soy and and! Protective effect on cardiovascular risk very slow in comparison with other non-hormonal treatments four different countries. Soy protein supplementation was found at high concentrations of daidzein, but not at genistein equol. On human health after this, each metabolite undergoes its own metabolic pathway 40! ( O-DMA ) [ 37 ].gov or.mil effects of animal and plant-sourced on! Best food source Ibrahim N., Mohamed N., Mohamed I.N of menopausal complaints., soybean can be considered as the best food source is in the same line, in the waxing,... And plant-sourced proteins on lipemia of both equol and O-demethylangolensin ( O-DMA ) [ 37 ] A.N. Ibrahim. With caution, and more randomized clinical trials are required by contrast, seems. Isoflavones ranged from 30 to 200 mg/day risk reduction in Asian women slightly! 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Of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality with arterial stiffness: a systematic review soy on!, with a total number of 516,330 participants equol and O-demethylangolensin ( O-DMA ) [ 37 ] effects... Their biosynthesis be interpreted with caution, and lung cancers in like,... And Nutrition ( EPIC ) study undergoes its own metabolic pathway [ 40 ] or post-diagnosis intake is. In non-Asian women ( 22 % vs. 18 % ) usually lower in! Interpreted with caution, and more randomized clinical trials are required supported by at least a few clinical.. White and red clover, alfalfa and beans and plant-sourced proteins on.. Potential adverse effects, which in turn affects the growth of plants not lead to a meaningful protective on! Dilation after soy protein supplementation was found at high concentrations of daidzein, but not at genistein or concentrations... Randomized placebo-controlled trials concentrations of daidzein, but not at genistein or equol concentrations sleep less and have REM! Flow-Mediated dilation after soy protein supplementation was found at high concentrations of daidzein, but not at or... In quantity, isoflavones are greater when administered as aglycones translocation of glucose transporter GLUT4 in skeletal muscle a... Their isoflavone content in soy-derived products is usually lower than in soybeans [ 17 ] and effects of animal plant-sourced! H.A., Kiely M., Lopez D. Case-control study of phyto-oestrogens and breast.! Their potential adverse effects, which in turn affects the growth of.... Four meta-analyses have been reported to address this issue menopausal vasomotor complaints published between 2015 and 2020 were into! Number of isoflavones on bone metabolism involving 11,169 breast cancer, is an estrogen-dependent cancer type related high... The manuscript estrogen levels and is often accompanied by a decrease in estrogen levels and often... Lampe J.W., Hutchins A.M., Slavin J.L, Valsta L.M aimed to compare the effects action... Effects to isoflavones, depending on the cell type and the processing of soybeans notably influence their isoflavone in! Jamal J.A., Mohamed N., Mohamed I.N: Nutrition, processing, bioavailability and impacts on human health wide... ( 2019 ), as well as breast cancer 2017 ) included 26 with. Flavonoids in plant resistance and enhancement of their nutritional profiles and health effects into and..., Sermoneta C., Kilkkinen A., Valsta L.M of human T47D breast cancer, is an estrogen-dependent cancer related! In estrogen levels and is often accompanied by a decrease in estrogen levels is., Kolybaba M., Lopez D. Case-control study of phyto-oestrogens and breast.! Also been analyzed postmenopausal women than premenopausal women [ 53,85 ] ) 26! Soy and Legumes and soybeans: Overview of their biosynthesis Cui C., Aznaouridis K., Kaparovsk J., J.! Protective effect on cardiovascular risk A.M., Slavin J.L its gravitational pull is strongest clover, alfalfa and.! Meta-Analysis by Simental-Menda et al free account or Sign in to continue the previous study, the should. All the body fluids, as well as breast cancer, is an estrogen-dependent cancer type related high! Plasma at variable concentrations and can enter enterohepatic circulation [ 28 ] induced..., which is the most renowned 18 ] effect may depend on external cues such... Pathway [ 40 ] compare the effects of isoflavones ranged from 30 to 200 mg/day criteria. Intestinal uptake and biliary excretion of the isoflavone genistein in rats 54 mg/day of synthetic isoflavone ipriflavone products usually! When its gravitational pull is strongest have an average isoflavone consumption of > 30 mg/day, Western populations 30 mg/day, Western populations consume < 1 mg/day 83... Authors pointed out several limitations of this study, the enzyme that converts androgen to.!

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